What happens if you are sucked from a level?

It would be almost impossible, emissions from aircraft at 30,000 feet survive. Only two of the deadliest followed by a rapid decline of which would be oxygen and extremely cold conditions. People have through holes in aircraft sucked in been, but experienced pilots can store often on the day.

The hole, which last week may have copied through the roof of a passenger aircraft at cruising altitude, expressed for some, to the pilot of the TV show "lost". In this dramatic episode breaks down a plane in the Middle, and go passengers you fly through a gaping hole in the hull.

For passengers on Southwest flight 812, were the consequences far milder: soon after its launch of the Phoenix, an emergency landing, and everyone was the aircraft in order.

But people have through holes in cruising aircraft was thrown in. And an important, if gruesome question: what would happen to you if you were sucked into the atmosphere at 30,000 feet?

The forecast, experts say, would not be good.

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"There are a number of critical physiological problems that would be end of life, probably within seconds," said Peter Wagner, a physician and physiologist at the University of California, San Diego. "The fact that you don't forget a parachute." She would be suspended immediately very, very low oxygen levels. "Within three or four seconds is my guess that as hell breathing would be you."

Loss of consciousness and death from oxygen deprivation to the brain would follow soon, next Wagner. At the same time temperature of - 70 degrees Fahrenheit (-57 degrees Celsius) - from the chill wind 500 mph (805 km / H) even colder making-- lead to rapid freezing would starting with the skin, eyes and other surface tissues.

In response to such extreme stress would the nervous system, haywire, which go to potentially deadly spikes in blood pressure and pulse. And the air pressure leads to a bad case of cam cant the sudden change, as if you were diving and came too fast.

Then there is the danger of always popped in the plane on the way to out there, not to mention the trauma of falling.

"You probably cut half or something would hit in that, what you and which part of the body," Wagner said. "All types of images are possible."

Fortunately, incidents like this are extremely rare. Holes are most common in military aircraft, have shaped by bullets or explosives, although civil examples have taken place. In 1988, such as Aloha Airlines flight 243 much lost, if the roof to 24,000 feet. A flight attendant was blown out of the plane and died.

At events such as these the sucking force is cabin environment and which from a difference between the outdoor in print. Aircraft are General in nature, with a pressure similar to what you'd find between 6,000 and 8,000 feet above sea level. At a cruising altitude of 30,000 feet, pressure is lower than what passengers on the inside experience outside of the plane about two and a half times.

If a hole created forms, a strong tendency to compensate a rushing tunnel of the wind, such as the water flows through a tube. In areas of the level, which are far from the hole, possibly winds mild enough just papers to drink.

But air speed picks up as it approaches is a crack, said Geoffrey Landis, a physicist Glenn Research Center NASA in Cleveland. At the point where air by the body passes, it moves at the speed of sound.

Determines the size of a hole, how much air from a level to einmal--could plunge and how dangerous the situation will be. Landis estimate that would make it about 100 seconds for pressure balance through a take a square-foot hole in the body a 747. People sitting next to a hole would this size a half tone of violence against them in the direction of the hole barreling face.

Wind forces begin course work immediately, a hole of any size-extra pressure on the pilot for the aircraft below as soon as possible to increase.

If bad luck "all doomed not to condemn you to end at a level which developed a hole out,", said Landis. In many cases, experienced pilots can react quickly enough to the aircraft safe, as in the recent incident Southwest land.

There are also some things you can do to protect themselves. Keep your seat belt fastened. Put on your oxygen mask. And Wagner proposed that when the hole through something is small as a ball is caused, a book or a magazine hit airline about it.

Air pressure will cement the object through the hole. And you walk away a hero.

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What happens with snails in space?

Pretty much the effects of G have come since the beginning of the space age, scientists ingenious ways up forces and weightlessness on the human body to test, to the amusement park rides with the. The mechanisms of Project Apollo was one of the dreaded human Center joint; a hollow ball 10 x 6 foot mounted at the end of a 50-foot arm, which around quickly spun simulate "dynamic flight."

Astronaut John Glenn described you memorably as "dreaded" and "sadistic" in his memoirs, add, "You.... were strain every muscle of the body to the maximum when you relax until thought your vision would be as a set of blinders limit and you would start", Black out. "It was kind of baptism by fire."

NASA has set the use of centrifuges, for a long time, although the United States air force still a human centrifuge at the base in New Mexico. And their use on board the probe as a means to simulate gravity for long-duration manned space missions of the future, which the effects of weightlessness on astronauts (particularly bone muscle - and de-scaling atrophy) was proposed.

And now, centrifuges are used is, apparently, other creatures, to submit to the same conditions. A new paper by a team of us and Russian scientists, which this week in PLoS investigated the effects of microgravity on good, snails. She heard me. Snails.

Blogger Scicurious summed up the many benefits of snails in space, which outlined the authors in their paper: "they eat not much, they take up very little disk space, so you will still under your weight limit, they can easily active...." "You don't get bored and tear the joint." In short, make "Snails great little astronauts".

Snails have a very similar mechanism for balance and motion detection. People have a fully functional vestibular system in the ears, but something called a Scatocyst snails. It is a small piece of calcium carbonate in the screw, which moves around as the worm changes the alignment. This change is woloskami called setae that then the brain signal so that the worm can align themselves recognized on gravity.

It is only natural, given the similar mechanism, issues, such as snails respond not only in the microgravity of space, and this is what sets out the United States / Russian team to learn. She sent a few snails, half in the room for a bit and the other half earthbound as kept.

If the space bound snails, returned they put both groups on a wire mesh and tilted it 180 Grad--pretty much what happens in nature, if a worm, the sheet bend weight, it its way along oozing has. The leaf is that change of orientation is detected by the Scatocyst and the snail knows itself to making retreat before it.

The scientists found that the snails, which reoriented and turned in the space itself had been faster than the terrestrial snails is much more. Apparently so, because their setae were much faster to changed orientation, i.e., respond is that mesh screen was tilted. (, That answer by sticking electrodes in the arms of worm-has been measured there is no such thing as a mollusk Geneva Convention?)

To find out the mechanism, the team of researchers took a page from the NASA playback: they put the space slugs in a centrifuge. I have Scicurious what they found together:

When she saw gene expression, room had the snails receptors, which suggests a protein that, when the cells by the calcium carbonate against them covered, indicating that stimulating the inclination of the screw under "Load" more hPEP in their Statocyste. The snails space had more stain, pointed out that she had reviewed a lot of "Tilt" in the region. And so may be more sensitive to more tilt.

In humans, the adaptation to the space and microgravity results in so-called space adaptation syndrome, which looks a lot like motion sickness. Only in the area. If they come back to Earth, they have to get used to gravity, and a further adaptation, readjustment, the constant feeling of your feet is to take down. It seems that snails do this also, but there is no record of whether the snails the bad side effects of your customizations got.... It looks like exposure to microgravity in snails of Statocysts (the Gravireceptors) in direction makes more sensitive to changes.

So guess I snails are not the worst possible astronauts in the Animal Kingdom. You are probably better than cats:

Image credit: iStock

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