This striking image combined was the optical light (from the Hubble Space Telescope) and x-ray data (from the Chandra x-ray Observatory), the two supermassive black holes as they on another stare of the chaos of disturbed stars, dust and hot gas in the center of NGC 6240 (NASA/CXC/MIT/STScI C.CanizaresM.Nowak)
How would you go about the visualization of violent chaos in the wake of a black hole collision? As a physicist, with great difficulty, realization are.
Understand how space and time, such as two supermassive black holes collide has astrophysicist for some time at a loss. But with the help of some clever theoretical tools, a group of physicists, led by Robert Owen of at Cornell University in Ithaca, understand New York, a refined way as responds, have found space and time in some of the most extreme forces in the cosmos.
In the process which have already answered a mysterious problem understanding the nature of space and time, which can researchers: Get their kicks as colliding supermassive black holes.
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Warped spacetime
As a result of Einstein's general theory of relativity view of the universe causes massive objects distort spacetime.
The classic visualization would be this, suspend, balls of different masses on a sheet of rubber-an analog for the "fabric of space and time." The harder the ball, the greater the distortion (or "warping") on the rubber sheet. This can be interpreted as the greater the distortion, the deeper the gravitational well in space and time.
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In the Earth, for example, our planet Earth created a sloping "Pocket" gravity in space and time. But for an extreme case, such as a black hole, the bag pages drops vertically forming a sheer "good" (in our rubber sheet analog, ball, representing the massive black hole through the floor, stretching the rubber sheet til it torn and crash through the roof of the apartment below is reduced).
In the place where the black hole goes well of "Oblique" to "vertical", cant anything that falls into this well get out. This limit is known as the "event horizon," the point of even light can escape.
Now, Affairs further make it difficult to start spinning the black hole (as the majority of the black holes are expected to). What happens then with space and time? Not only it has too extreme, that lost everything to close forgotten lost one, but were "Wrinkles" in space and time the spinning action causes distorted. A phenomenon known as "Drag frame." turns the wrinkles with the black hole,
So we have forgiven extreme and drag border, how these features can be made visible? How do they interact?
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Tendexes and swirl
At points within the warped space and time, we can imagine a grid of arrows. Each arrow behaves like a compass, but instead of on a magnetic object show, they are passed through the force of gravity. By linking these arrows, Owen team could a "card" with two different types of lines create, forgiven representing the space and time.
A set of lines, have referred to was "Tandex Lines" and the other, "Vortex lines."
The two are (yellow) within Gansu (grey) spiral eddies which sticking out of a black hole, swirling space and the Vortex lines (red curve), which are vertebrae (the Caltech/Cornell SXS collaboration)
Tandex represent lines stretched (or compressed) space and time-these lines would describe how the tidal forces stretch exercised through a black hole and rip apart any object that strayed to close. The Vortex lines are the winding effects of space and time. So, how is a black hole, would pull space and time with him (frame dragging), the set of twisting of vortex lines represented.
"Everything falls into a black hole around and around woven calls," says Owen in a CalTech press release.
This elegant solution to visualize warped space and time has already helped the researchers to understand the mechanisms behind black hole collisions.
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When galaxies collide
The majority of galaxies are probably supermassive black holes at their centers of life have. Two galaxies collide, a frequent event in cosmological time scales, could merge the central black hole giants.
As can be presented, this scenario generates a nightmare of space and time. But while black hole mergers, a rather confusing phenomenon is predicted; the black hole merged recently often kicked from the Galaxy and lost in the Intergalactic space.
And this is not mere theory, such black holes fell for some strange reason, have been recognized Galactic from their homes.
As well as kicked "get a supermassive black hole"? These monsters are very difficult to move, after all.
Owen and his colleagues have an answer. From the CalTech press release:
On one side of the black hole, you add the gravitational waves from the vertebrae together with the waves from the spiral Tendexes spiral. On the other hand the Vortex and Tendex lift shafts each other. The result is a burst of waves in one direction, causing the merged bore recoil.
A graphic illustrates the gravitational waves are expected to to a black hole collision (W. Benger/Max Planck Institute) are generated
Gravitational doughnuts
An other fascinating twist predicted in this research also, that if two black holes collide head-on, expansion of space and time rings are made. These rings consist of vertebrae as "space ring-shaped regions of whirling machines" and "Tendexes as a ring-shaped regions stretching." The black holes spiral should inside before the collision, its vertebrae and Tendexes spiral from the merged hole, such as the ripples and vertebrae on the surface of noisy swimming pool.
This extension doughnuts are gravitational waves, a phenomenon of gravitational wave chased generate detectors such as Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO).
Of course, before the Tandex and vortex visualization tool can be accepted, other teams of astrophysicists have, to integrate them in their theoretical models for a wide range of cosmological problems.
Describe how merged supermassive black holes around a Galaxy can be kicked, but is a very good start.
Source: EurekAlert
Publication: "frame-dragging swirls and tides of Tendexes attached to colliding black holes: visualization of the curvature of spacetime," Owen et al., physical review letters 2011. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.151101
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